The Basics
The basic process involved in a VoIP call is as follows:
1. Conversion of the caller’s analogue voice signal into a digital format
2. Compression and translation of the digital signal into discrete Internet Protocol packets
3. Transmission of the packets over the Internet or other IP-based network
4. Reverse translation of packets into an analogue voice signal for the call recipient.
The digitization and transmission of the analogue voice as a stream of packets is carried out over a digital data network that can carry data packets using IP and other, related Internet related protocols (see section 2.1). This network may be an organization’s internal LAN, a leased network, the PSTN or the open Internet (Gradwell, 2006). The compression process is carried out by a codec, a voice-encoding algorithm, which allows the call to be transmitted over the IP network within the network's available bandwidth.
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